Australia's Jetstar on track to overtake Qantas as larger international carrier

Qantas group carried more passengers in Nov-2012, thanks to Jetstar

At the group level Qantas’ passenger and capacity numbers look relatively healthy. Total passengers carried in Nov-2012 was up 6.4% to 4.12 million. Total passenger numbers were up 4.1% for the first five months of the fiscal year ending 30-Jun-2013 to 20.49 million.

Growth in demand at the group, measured as RPKs, was up a more subdued 1.3% for the month. Capacity, measured as ASKs, gained 0.7% in Nov-2012 and 2% for the financial year-to-date.

But the devil is in the detail, and those show Jetstar Airways (excluding Asian affiliates and joint ventures which make up the Jetstar Group), taking great strides on all measures domestically and internationally while the Qantas premium brand works its way through its restructuring programme and engages in a fight for more domestic market share, particularly the corporate sector.

As the graphs below show, Jetstar’s growth has been relentless. In Nov-2012 Jetstar carried 971,000 domestic passengers, up 14.9% on the same month in 2011. That compares to the 1.49 million carried by Qantas mainline (excluding QantasLink), up just 1.2%.

Jetstar Airways monthly domestic passengers numbers: Jan-2010 to Nov-2012

Source: CAPA – Centre for Aviation & airline reports

Qantas monthly domestic passenger numbers: Jan-2010 to Nov-2012

Source: CAPA – Centre for Aviation & airline reports

The effects of Qantas’ struggle on their international network is even more marked. Jetstar carried 425,000 international passengers in Nov-2012, up 17.1% from Nov-2011 levels, not far behind the 472,000 carried by Qantas, which was down 3.1%.

For the first five months of FY2013 Jetstar grew domestic passengers numbers by 9.2% to 4.9 million, while Qantas was flat at 7.32 million. Jetstar's international traffic over the same period gained 13.8% to carry 2.15 million passenger while Qantas carried 2.39 million, down 4.9%. If this trend is maintained, Jetstar could overtake Qantas within six months as the group’s biggest international carrier by passengers numbers.

Jetstar Airways monthly international passengers: Jan-2010 to Oct-2012

Source: CAPA – Centre for Aviation & airline reports
Note: Figures are for passengers carried under the JQ code only (Jetstar Australia's AOC, used in Australia and New Zealand). Passengers carried under other codes by affiliates or subsidiaries in Asia are excluded.

Qantas monthly international passenger numbers: Jan-2010 to Nov-2012

Source: CAPA – Centre for Aviation & airline reports

Qantas management said at the carrier's annual financial results briefing in Aug-2012 that the carrier expects to grow domestic capacity by 9-11%, with absolute growth split between Qantas and Jetstar, leading Jetstar to have higher growth percentage than Qantas given its smaller size. Overall group capacity in FY2013 is expected to increase only 3-4%, reflective of Qantas' reduced international operations.

Jetstar’s domestic demand was up 15.1% in Nov-2012 to 1.15 billion RPK compared to the same month in 2011 on a capacity increase of 18.2% to 1.35 billion ASK. For the financial year-to-date, domestic RPKs were up 9.6% and ASKs were up by 14.4%.

RPKs at Jetstar’s international operations grew 15.8% in Nov-2012 to 1.19 billion and soared 18% for the first five months of FY2013 to 6.24 billion. Both measures were ahead of a monthly year-on-year increase in ASKs of 10.5% to 1.56 billion and 17.7% for the fiscal year-to-date period to 8.16 billion.

In comparison, Qantas' domestic operations were all but flat putting on just 0.5% in RPKs in Nov-2012 compared to Nov-2011, totalling 2.15 billion and 10.9 billion for year-to-date, up 1.2%. ASKs were up 3.1% to 2.68 billion in Nov-2012 and 5.5% to 13.96 billion for the first five months of the fiscal year.

Qantas international paints a gloomy picture with RPKs in Nov-2012 sliding another 4.3% to 3.88 billion, taking the year-to-date decline to 5.9%. International ASKs were cut back even more aggressively by 7.1% in Nov-2012 to 4.77 billion and 6.7% for the financial year-to-date.

Jetstar targets 1.2 million additional domestic seats in FY2013

Qantas launched Jetstar in 2004 as a foil against then LCC competitor Virgin Blue, which has since morphed into Virgin Australia as a full service carrier. As part of a hugely successful dual-brand strategy, Jetstar has taken over for Qantas on underperforming routes and has also been used to grow the market. Qantas CEO Alan Joyce stated in Apr-2012 that 10% of Jetstar’s passengers had never flown before.

Jetstar made two major capacity announcements in 2012 and plans to add more than 1.2 million seats to the domestic market in the financial year ending 30-Jun-2013. In Jan-2012 Jetstar announced it would increase its domestic capacity by adding frequencies to key domestic destinations from Melbourne to Cairns, Perth, Sydney, Adelaide, Gold Coast, Brisbane and Launceston. The increases added three weekly services to most of those routes.

Sydney-Gold Coast also received an extra daily frequency, taking the schedule to 84 services a week on the route. Adelaide-Perth was bolstered with three extra weekly services.

To help operate the expanded schedule Jetstar added a 13th A320 to its Victoria base and a fourth new A320 in Gold Coast.

In May-2012 the Qantas Group announced that capacity would increase on east coast routes in FY2013. Qantas responded to a resurgent Virgin Australia’s assault on the corporate market by strengthening its key business routes of Sydney-Melbourne with the addition of 11 weekly return services in Jul-2012 and a similar increase on Sydney-Brisbane in Aug-2012. Jetstar for its part focused on leisure traffic on east coast routes, adding 21 weekly return services between Sydney and Melbourne in Aug-2012 and adding a daily Sydney-Adelaide return in Nov-2012.

And there is more to come as Jetstar closes in on its goal to add 1.2 million domestic seats in FY2013. On 18-Apr-2013 a daily return service will be added between both Sydney and Ballina Byron and Sydney and Gold Coast. Frequencies between Adelaide and Gold Coast will receive an additional three weekly return services from the same date, and Newcastle-Gold Coast another four weekly return services.

A large portion of the increase at Jetstar is to Tasmania which has seen capacity boosted by 408,000 seats in FY2013 split between Hobart and Launceston.

Melbourne Tullamarine to Hobart capacity by carrier (seats per week, one way): 19-Sep-2011 to 16-Jun-2013

 

Source: CAPA – Centre for Aviation & Innovata

Capacity to Cairns was further increased by more than 200,000 seats in Aug-Sep-2012 from Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Gold Coast and Adelaide.

However, those network improvements came, at least in part, from frequency reduction by both brands on some poor performing services in the Northern Territory. Jetstar in Aug-2012 reduced Darwin-Sydney from 11 weekly return services to daily return and Darwin-Denpasar from 11 return a week to eight return frequencies a week in Aug-2012.

Qantas halved its Ayers Rock-Cairns frequency to daily return in Sep-2012 and reduced Ayers Rock-Perth from four times weekly return to twice weekly return.

Jetstar is Qantas’ international growth vehicle

Qantas has been forced to withdraw international routes and re-allocated aircraft to defend its lucrative domestic market in the face of increased competition from Virgin Australia, and maintain its 65% market share it regards as optimal for overall performance.

The Jetstar Group has been tasked to develop the Qantas Group’s Asian reach through its Singapore operation, especially Southeast Asia. Jetstar Airways deploys 17% of its seat capacity on international routes including 15 destinations in Asia as well as to Honolulu in the US state of Hawaii, according to Innovata data.

Southeast Asia accounts for the bulk of Jetstar's international seat capacity. In the week of 17-Dec-2012 to 23-Dec-2012 Jetstar provided 37,098 seats to and from Southeast Asia, followed by Southwest Pacific with 19,269 seats, North Asia with 17,082 and North America (Hawaii) with 5,454. This excludes capacity provided by its Asian subsidiaries or affiliates.

Jetstar Airways international seat capacity share (% of seats) by region: 17-Dec-2012 to 23-Dec-2012

Source: CAPA – Centre for Aviation & Innovata
Note: Figures are for passengers carried under the JQ code only (Jetstar Australia's AOC, used in Australia and New Zealand). Passengers carried under other codes by affiliates or subsidiaries in Asia are excluded.

Jetstar’s biggest single international route is Perth to Denpasar (Bali) offering 6,120 seats in the week of 17-Dec-2012 to 23-Dec-2012. After Perth-Denpasar, Jetstar has five international routes each with 4,242 weekly seats: Gold Coast-Narita, Cairns-Narita, Sydney-Honolulu, Sydney-Denpasar and Melbourne-Singapore.

Jetstar Airways top 10 international routes ranked by seats: 17-Dec-2012 to 23-Dec-2012

Source: CAPA – Centre for Aviation & Innovata

In the Australian domestic market, Sydney-Gold Coast offering 30,212 weekly seats and Sydney-Melbourne with 30,024 weekly seats are the biggest Jetstar routes. Auckland-Wellington and Auckland-Christchurch are the largest Jetstar routes within New Zealand and the fourth and fifth largest domestic routes overall (including both the Australia and New Zealand markets).

Jetstar has continued to grow its trans-Tasman and New Zealand domestic operation, adding a ninth A320 to its Auckland base in Nov-2012. This allowed it to offer an extra 600,000 seat per year on the New Zealand domestic network, where it competes with Air New Zealand, which currently accounts for an 80% share of capacity.

Jetstar added 20 weekly return frequencies on the Auckland-Wellington route, New Zealand’s biggest, and up to seven frequencies on Auckland-Christchurch, Wellington-Christchurch, Christchurch-Gold Coast, Christchurch-Melbourne, Queenstown-Melbourne and Queenstown-Sydney. However a five times weekly Christchurch-Queenstown services was cancelled.

Jetstar kicked off 2012 by announcing on 18-Jan-2012 the introduction of a four times weekly Darwin-Manila-Tokyo service from 25-Mar-2012. In addition, capacity on the Darwin-Singapore route was increased from daily to 10 flights a week.

The new Darwin-Manila-Tokyo service links with the newly established Jetstar Japan joint venture, which launched in Jul-2012. It did, however, come at the expense of the four times weekly Darwin-Ho Chi Minh City service, which was withdrawn.

About 28,000 Japanese tourists visit the Northern Territory each year, making it the fourth largest international inbound tourism market for the region, according to Jetstar.

Jetstar is likely to outshine as Qantas international restructures

Qantas International losses have been a drag on the group’s profits for over a decade. A restructure programme was unveiled in Aug-2012, which included shedding unprofitable long-haul routes and a far reaching alliance with Middle East carrier Emirates. The Emirates alliance, which was given preliminary approval by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission on 20-Dec-2012, is expected to deliver AUD300 million (USD311 million) of benefits annually and puts the carrier turn-around strategy on track.

See related articles:

• Qantas-Emirates alliance receives full (draft) approval from Australia's competition authority
• Qantas presses ahead with post-Emirates European-Asian restructure as competitors show no leniency

However, Jetstar looks set to outgrow the mainline international brand in the medium term as Qantas seeks to maximise the high growth opportunities in Asia via the various Jetstar brands.

Jetstar will start taking delivery of 15 Boeing 787-8 from mid-2013. A restructure of the 787 fleet order announced in Aug-2012 delays the arrival of the 787-9 by two years to 2016, and could act as a brake on Jetstar’s current growth trajectory.

See related article: Qantas and Jetstar change 787 strategy to support Asian growth and unit cost improvement

But even with a possible slowdown in long-haul capacity growth, Jetstar will likely surpass Qantas as a larger international carrier by the time Jetstar starts replacing its A330 fleet with new 787s.