Lion Air 2014 outlook: More market share gains in Indonesia as aircraft delivery rate increases
Lion Air could make significant progress in 2014 in its quest to further increase its already leading share of the Indonesian domestic market. The group plans to add nearly 30 aircraft under its three Indonesian operating certificates in 2014, most of which will be used to expand in Indonesia's huge and rapidly growing domestic market.
The Lion group's expansion in Indonesia slowed in 2013 as it focused on spooling up its new affiliates in Malaysia and Thailand. There will be more growth for Malindo Air and Thai Lion Air in 2014 but, as the group will take significantly more aircraft compared to 2013, there will be an opportunity to pursue faster growth in Indonesia.
Lion has a medium to long-term goal of capturing a 60% share of the domestic market, up from a 45% share in 2011 and 2012. A 60% share seems unrealistic given the expansion plans of some of its competitors but further gains are likely, starting in 2014.
- Lion Air plans to add nearly 30 aircraft to its Indonesian fleet in 2014 to expand in the domestic market.
- Lion Air aims to capture a 60% share of the Indonesian domestic market, up from 45% in 2011 and 2012.
- Lion Air transported an estimated 36 million passengers in 2013, representing a 10% increase from the previous year.
- Lion Air's growth rate has slowed every year since 2010, when it grew passenger traffic by 42%.
- Lion Air's fleet is expected to grow by 22% in 2014, reaching a total of 155 aircraft.
- Garuda Indonesia plans to grow its fleet by 19% in 2014, slightly less than Lion Air's planned expansion.
The Lion group says it transported an estimated 36 million passengers in 2013 across its three Indonesian subsidiaries - LCC Lion Air, regional LCC Wings Air and full-service carrier Batik Air. This includes approximately 35 million domestic passengers as Lion and Wings are predominately domestic operators with only eight scheduled international routes. Batik, which launched services in May-2013, currently only operates domestically but is planning to expand into the international market in 2H2014.
Lion group Indonesia passenger growth slows to about 10% in 2013
The estimated 36 million passengers represent a relatively modest 10% increase compared to the 32.9 million passengers transported by the group in 2012, according to Indonesia Ministry of Transport data. The 2012 figure includes 29.442 million domestic passengers and 778,000 international passengers at Lion Air plus 2.598 million domestic and 60,000 international passengers at Wings Air.
The 9% increase represents a significant slowdown compared to the 17% growth in passenger traffic the group recorded in 2012 and the 31% growth from 2011. The group has seen its growth rate slow every year since 2010, when it grew passenger traffic by 42%.
Lion Air Group annual passenger traffic and year-over-year growth: 2006 to 2013*
Note: *2013 figure is a Lion Air Group estimate and only includes Indonesian subsidiaries
Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation using data from Indonesia Ministry of Transport, Indonesia National Air Carriers Association (INACA) and Lion Air
The slower growth in 2013 was driven by slower fleet expansion as 13 of the group's 34 additional aircraft ended up outside Indonesia at Malindo (six 737-900ERs and five ATR 72s) and Thai Lion (two 737-900ERs). Among the Indonesian subsidiaries, Lion Air took nine 737-800s in 2013, Batik took six 737-900ERs and Wings took six ATR 72s, according to the CAPA Fleet Database.
But a large chunk of the 21 deliveries for the group's Indonesian subsidiaries were used as replacement rather than growth aircraft. In 2013 the group phased out its fleet of MD80 family aircraft, which were operated by both Lion and Wings. Bombardier Dash 8s, which were operated by Wings, were also phased out in 2013. In addition Lion Air lost one of its 737-800s in the May-2013 accident in Bali.
Lion, Wings and Batik currently operate combined fleet of 128 aircraft
The slower growth compared to previous years was also partially driven by the fact that all the additional aircraft at the main Lion Air brand were 737-800s rather than larger 737-900ERs. Lion Air began 2013 with 94 aircraft in its active fleet, including 68 737-900ERs, 20 737-800s, four 737-300/400s and two 747-400s, according to the CAPA Fleet Database. It has already taken one additional 737-800 in early Jan-2014.
Lion Air fleet summary: as of 15-Jan-2014
| Aircraft | In Service | In Storage | On Order |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total: | 95 | 8 | 543 |
| Airbus A320-200 | 0 | 0 | 60 |
| Airbus A320-200NEO | 0 | 0 | 109 |
| Airbus A321-200NEO | 0 | 0 | 65 |
| Boeing 737-300 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Boeing 737-400 | 3 | 5 | 0 |
| Boeing 737-800 | 21 | 0 | 15 |
| Boeing 737-9 | 0 | 0 | 201 |
| Boeing 737-900ER | 68 | 0 | 88 |
| Boeing 747-400 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Boeing 787-8 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Boeing/McDonnell Douglas MD-82 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Boeing/McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Wings started 2014 with 27 ATR 72s, including 20 ATR 72-500s and seven ATR 72-600s, while Batik started 2014 with six 737-900ERs. As Batik operates its 737-900ERs in 180-seat two-class configuration, there would have been a bigger impact of these deliveries on the group's traffic figures if they had been assigned to Lion Air, which operates 737-900ERs in single-class configuration with 213 to 215 seats.
Wings Air fleet summary: as of 15-Jan-2014
| Aircraft | In Service | In Storage | On Order |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total: | 27 | 11 | 32 |
| ATR 72-212A(72-500) | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| ATR 72-212A(72-600) | 7 | 0 | 32 |
| Boeing/McDonnell Douglas MD-82 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Boeing/McDonnell Douglas MD-83 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Bombardier DHC-8-301 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Batik Air fleet summary: as of 15-Jan-2014
| Aircraft | In Service | In Storage | On Order |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total: | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Boeing 737-900ER | 6 | 0 | 0 |
The group's growth in Indonesia will accelerate in 2014 as the group expects to take 48 aircraft this year and there are no retirements planned.
Lion at least for now plans to continue operating 737 Classics, which it uses on thinner routes and as back-up aircraft. In addition to its four active 737-300/400s, Lion Air has another five 737-400s which it claims are still part of its fleet but are listed as stored aircraft by the CAPA Fleet Database as they have not flown for several months. It is possible for these aircraft to be returned to active service, which could result in even faster capacity growth.
Lion group's Indonesian fleet poised to expand by over 20% in 2014
Of the 48 additional aircraft for the group, about 28 are expected to end up in the Indonesian market. Thai Lion has been tentatively allocated eight 737s while Malaysian affiliate Malindo will most likely receive 12 aircraft (a combination of 737s and ATR 72s).
The Thai Lion and Malindo figures are subject to change as the group often adjusts allocations a couple of months prior to delivery depending on market conditions. But the most likely scenario will see the Indonesian fleet grow by 22% from 127 aircraft to 155 aircraft.
Batik has been allocated 12 deliveries in 2014, six 737-800s and six A320s. All 12 aircraft are slated to come in 2H2014 and be used for a combination of domestic and international expansion.
The six A320s represent the first batch of aircraft from the 234-aircraft order the group placed with Airbus in Mar-2013. Batik will be the only Lion group carrier to operate the new type in 2014.
See related reports:
- Indonesia's Lion Air Group has the growth opportunities to support the 600 aircraft on order
- Lion Air full-service subsidiary Batik Air to expand with A320s, 787s and new base at Jakarta Halim
Lion is also accelerating the rate of 737 deliveries from two to three per month from mid-2014. As a result the group is slated to take 30 737s in 2014, 12 in 1H2014 and 18 in 2H2014, and 36 737s per year from 2015.
The most likely breakdown will see Lion Air take nine 737s in 2014, Thai Lion eight aircraft, Malindo seven aircraft and Batik six aircraft. But again this is subject to change as the year unfolds because Lion is a nimble group.
ATR 72-600 deliveries are slated to continue at a rate of one per month. The most likely breakdown would see five aircraft end up at Malindo and seven aircraft at Wings.
Garuda has grown faster than Lion for three consecutive years
The anticipated 22% fleet growth at Lion's Indonesian subsidiaries would surpass the planned expansion at rival airline group Garuda Indonesia, which plans to grow its fleet by 19% in 2014 from 134 to 160 aircraft. The Garuda figures include 33% growth at its budget subsidiary Citilink from 24 to 32 aircraft and 16% growth at Garuda mainline from 110 to 128 aircraft. Citilink only operates domestically while Garuda mainline is planning double-digit capacity expansion for 2014 in both the domestic and international markets.
See related report: Garuda Indonesia plans more rapid expansion for 2014 and beyond despite intensifying competition
In 2013 Garuda grew faster than Lion for the third consecutive year. Through the first 11 months of 2013 passenger traffic at the Garuda group was up 22% to 22.6 million. This included 5% growth in the international market to 3.5 million passengers and 26% growth in the domestic market to 19.1 million passengers.
In 2012 the Garuda group recorded 20% passenger growth to 20.4 million passengers, slightly surpassing the 17% growth at the Lion group. In 2011 the Garuda group recorded 36% passenger growth to 17.1 million passengers, again slightly outstripping the 31% growth that year at the Lion group.
In the years prior to 2011, Lion shot past a struggling Garuda, becoming the largest Indonesian carrier in 2009 and widening the gap in 2010. Regaining the distinction of being Indonesia's fastest growing carrier is imperative if Lion is to achieve its goal of further growing its share of the market and come even close to its goal of securing a 60% slice of Indonesia's huge domestic market.
Lion domestic market share was flat at 45% in 2011 and 2012
In 2012 the Lion group carried 44.8% of domestic passengers in Indonesia, including a 41.2% share for Lion Air and a 3.6% share for Wings Air, according to Indonesia Ministry of Transport data. The group was unable to grow its share compared to 2011, when it also carried a 44.8% of total domestic passengers including a 41.5% share for Lion Air and a 3.3% share for Wings Air.
Meanwhile the Garuda group grew its share slightly from 22.8% in 2011 to 23.4% in 2012.
Indonesia domestic market share (% of passengers carried) by carrier: 2012
Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation using data from Indonesia Ministry of Transport and the Indonesia National Air Carriers Association (INACA)
Lion's inability to grow domestic market share in 2012 ended a streak of large and steady annual market share gains that began in 2008, when it captured only a 17% share of the domestic market.
While it will be several months before official Indonesian government data is available for 2013, Garuda again clearly gained more domestic market share than Lion in 2013 as Garuda domestic passenger growth exceeded 20% while Lion's domestic traffic increased by approximately 10%. Lion was likely still able to grow its share slightly in 2013 as Batavia Air, which captured a 10% share of the Indonesian domestic market in 2012, suspended operations in early 2013. But the Garuda group likely ended up capturing a bigger share of the slice vacated by Batavia Air.
Indonesia AirAsia and Tigerair Mandala also saw their shares grow significantly in 2013 but from much smaller bases. Tigerair Mandala, which launched operations in May-2012, transported 1.9 million passengers in 2013, up from less than 400,000 passengers in 2012. Tigerair does not provide a domestic/international breakdown for its traffic but its Indonesian affiliate operated a relatively even mix of domestic and international services in 2013.
Indonesia AirAsia reported 35% total passenger growth for the first nine months of 2013 to 5.7 million. The AirAsia Group has not yet reported operating figures for the full year. Indonesia AirAsia is Indonesia's largest international carrier and is a relatively small player in the domestic market with only a 3% share in 2012, but over the past year the carrier has roughly doubled its domestic capacity.
Sriwijaya is the third largest domestic carrier in Indonesia, capturing an 11% share of the market in 2012. Sriwijaya did not grow as fast as any of its main competitors in 2013 but is looking to accelerate growth in 2014 using its new regional subsidiary Nam Air, which launched services in Dec-2013.
See related report: Sriwijaya Air targets Indonesia regional market with launch of full-service subsidiary Nam Air
Lion eyes 60% domestic market share as it shoots past 50% in 2014
The launch of Nam, the continued rapid growth at the Garuda group, including Citilink, and more rapid expansion at Indonesia AirAsia will pose challenges for Lion. But Lion is in a strong position as the market leader and is poised to grow faster than any of its competitors in 2014 as it adds nearly 30 aircraft into the Indonesian market.
Lion should be able to capture at least a 50% share of the domestic market in 2014 and make some progress towards its ultimate goal of 60%. Lion has the aircraft on order to potentially meet the 60% goal, depending on the rate of expansion at Malindo and Thai Lion and if new affiliates in other countries are established. But ultimately the group may not be able to capture such a big slice of the market unless its main competitors slow down expansion or there is consolidation - which is a possible outcome as competition intensifies, led by a more aggressive expansion from Lion.