Flybe: back in the black, but cost transformation is still needed
After three years of widening full year losses, Flybe has reported a return to pre-tax profits in 1HFY2014. The Group's new CEO Saad Hammad joined in Aug-2013, when long-serving CEO and Chairman Jim French became non-executive Chairman. The break with the past was completed on 5-Nov-2013, when Mr French was replaced as Chairman by Simon Laffin, whose experience includes real estate, retail, media and financial services.
Mr Hammad, a former CCO at easyJet and non-executive director at Air Berlin plc, has immediately increased the targeted benefits under the Group's restructuring plan, recognising that its previous goals would not be enough. In terms of market presence, Flybe has a strong niche in UK regional markets and a small, but growing, foothold in contract flying in mainland Europe.
However, its cost base remains uncompetitive and Mr Hammad may need to drive out even more cost if he is to realise his aim to make Flybe "the best local airline in Europe".
- Flybe has reported a return to pre-tax profits in 1HFY2014 after three years of widening full-year losses.
- The airline's new CEO, Saad Hammad, has increased the targeted benefits under the Group's restructuring plan, recognizing the need for more significant cost reductions.
- Flybe has a strong niche in UK regional markets and a small foothold in contract flying in mainland Europe.
- Flybe UK saw passenger numbers grow by 5.6% to 4.3 million, with load factor up by 3.6ppts to 68.6%.
- Flybe's high unit costs and low fleet and pilot utilization are identified as key weaknesses.
- The airline plans to optimize configuration, reduce costs further, and improve commercialization as part of its restructuring efforts.
Flybe Group returns to profit in 1HFY2014
In 1HFY2014 (Apr to Sep-2013), Flybe recorded a pre-tax profit of GBP13.8 million, turning around a loss of GBP1.6 million in the same period a year earlier. (Excluding the group's share of the Flybe Finland JV, last year's result was a profit of GBP0.8 million.) This year's result included GBP4.1 million of restructuring and surplus capacity costs. Group revenues grew by 3.0% to GBP351 million, with revenue under Flybe management (i.e. including the revenues of the contract flying business) growing 20% to GBP477 million.
Flybe Group financial highlights: 1HFY2014
Balance sheet improves, but far from strong yet
The Group's balance sheet has benefited from disposals of aircraft and slots, so that net debt fell from GBP66 million at Mar-2013 to GBP34 million at Sep-2013.
See related report: EasyJet works the Gatwick slot machine as Flybe cashes out
However, the gross cash balance of GBP64 million is equivalent to only a little more than one month of revenues and it includes GBP45 million of restricted cash. Moreover, adjusted net debt (which includes capitalised operating leases at eight times annual rental payments) was around GBP680 million at Sep-2013, a very high figure compared with GBP50 million of equity.
Flybe Group balance sheet summary: 1HFY2014
Flybe UK profits grow
In the group's main business, Flybe UK, revenues grew by 1.3% in 1HFY2014 and pre-tax profit reached GBP14.2 million, nearly five times the result from the same period a year earlier. This result included GBP3.1 million of restructuring and surplus capacity costs. Before restructuring, costs ex fuel per seat fell by 2.2%, or by 3.9% at constant exchange rates. The biggest contribution to reduced costs ex fuel per seat came from a 20% headcount reduction resulting from the turnaround plan.
Flybe UK airline financial highlights: 1HFY2014
Load factor gain outweighs falling yield to drive growth in revenue per seat
Flybe UK saw passenger numbers grow by 5.6% to 4.3 million on stable seat capacity, with load factor up by 3.6ppts to 68.6%. This load factor gain is welcome, but still leaves significant room for further improvement. Passenger revenues were up by less than 1% and passenger yield (average revenue per passenger) fell by 4.5% to GBP73.36.
Other revenues grew by 16% to reach 4.8% of the total, a relatively low share for ancillary revenues compared with carriers such as easyJet. Total passenger revenue per seat increased by 0.9% to GBP50.35.
Flybe UK airline traffic and revenues: 1HFY2014
Flybe Finland regains breakeven
Flybe Finland, the group's contract flying business on behalf of Finnair, saw revenues more than double in 1HFY2014 to GBP126 million. Its pre-tax result moved to just ahead of a breakeven position (GBP0.4 million, from a loss of GBP4.5 million last year). After central management costs and interest received, Flybe's share of the JV result was at breakeven.
Flybe Finland financial highlights: 1HFY2014
Strong market share in UK domestic regional market
In 2012, Flybe had a 6% share of total UK passengers. Its share in the UK regions (i.e. excluding the London market) was higher, at 12% and its share of domestic passengers was 26%. Focusing on the regions, its share of the domestic market outside London was 47%.
Flybe's share of UK passengers: 2012
Flybe's UK regional niche is further highlighted by its share of frequencies at a number of regional airports. It is the leading airline, by share of frequency, at Southampton, Exeter, Belfast City, Birmingham and Manchester; and number two at Glasgow and Edinburgh. This regional strength in the domestic market gives it a solid base, but which has not led it to strong profitability.
Flybe passenger and frequency share at UK regional airports: 2012/2013
High unit costs are Flybe's biggest handicap
A key reason for Flybe's underperformance on profitability is its high unit costs. As CAPA noted in a report on 25-Jun-2013, Flybe has a unit cost disadvantage relative to the LCCs that are increasingly important at many of the airports from which it operates.
See related report: Flybe: not yet "Fit to Compete", but the exercise regime has started
In his presentation to analysts on the 1H results, new Flybe CEO Saad Hammad confronted this issue by showing a slide that highlighted Flybe's high cost per ASK relative to a number of other airlines (see chart below). Flybe has a shorter average sector length than most competitors, but, even allowing for this, its CASK looks high.
Even after both phases of its restructuring programme, this CASK disadvantage will remain. Mr Hammad sees this as a big opportunity for Flybe, although it is not yet clear how he plans to close the gap, let alone eliminate/reverse it.
Unit cost (GB pence per ASK) and sector length (miles) for Flybe and benchmark airlines: 2012/13
Low fleet utilisation, at 5.3 hours, also holds the airline back
A further opportunity for Flybe, identified by Mr Hammad, is Flybe's relatively low fleet utilisation. Its overall utilisation of 5.3 hours per day puts it in the middle of the pack compared with a number of other airlines analysed by Flybe, but behind significant competitors with a strong UK presence such as easyJet, Ryanair and Monarch. To some extent, this reflects Flybe's shorter average sector lengths, but it also suggests scope for improvement.
Aircraft utilisation and aircraft age for Flybe and benchmark airlines: 2012/13
Low pilot utilisation complements these weaknesses
Previous CAPA analysis has also identified Flybe's low labour productivity. Mr Hammad also acknowledged the scope for improvement here by highlighting the fact that its pilots flew the lowest number of hours on average in 2011.
See related report: European airline labour productivity: CAPA rankings
The average UK pilot flew 571 hours, compared with the average for Flybe pilots of 374 hours. Average hours flown per Flybe pilot fell by 20% between 2005 and 2008, although it started to improve modestly in 2011 and 2012.
Flybe operates shorter sectors than other UK airlines - on average around one hour - but there is no correlation between this and average pilot hours.
UK airlines: Average hours flown per pilot: 2011
'…simply need to do more and to do it immediately'
Flybe anticipates that its initial two-phase restructuring programme will deliver annualised P&L benefits of GBP40 million in FY2014 (before GBP6 million of restructuring costs) and GBP45 million in FY2015.
However, after joining Flybe in Aug-2013, the new CEO quickly realised that the restructuring programme would not be enough. Mr Hammad concluded that: "We simply needed to do more and to do it immediately". He has now identified three areas of immediate action in the UK business in order to add to the restructuring benefits targeted.
Flybe restructuring costs and benefits (GBP million)
Three immediate actions are to be taken
These three immediate actions are 1) to optimise configuration, 2) to reduce costs further, and 3) to improve commercialisation.
The optimisation of configuration involves rationalising the route network, removing surplus aircraft capacity, reviewing the fleet mix and improving aircraft and crew utilisation. Out of 158 routes, and after phases 1 and 2 of the restructuring programme, Flybe has identified seven routes that do not cover their direct operating costs; 21 routes not covering direct operating costs and crew costs; and 61 routes not covering direct operating costs, crew costs and aircraft costs.
To reduce costs further, the organisation has been simplified into a single management structure and a streamlined senior management team is now in place. A further review of all aspects of the business is under way with a view to identifying further savings.
Consultations with unions and employees over a proposed additional redundancy programme, involving around 500 posts, are also under way. Management is also engaging with key suppliers, including manufacturers, lessors and airports, over further cost reductions.
The improvement of commercialisation comprises a number of initiatives. These include plans to optimise pricing and revenue management; to refocus network development; to strengthen route management; to make changes to marketing; and to develop trading partnerships.
Although the Finnair joint venture is now profitable, Mr Hammad is also aiming to achieve further improvements through operational performance, the reduction of scheduled risk flying losses and the adoption of 'lean manufacturing' techniques.
Restructuring benefits (and costs) increased
With these immediate actions on top of the two-phase restructuring, Flybe now hopes to increase total benefits in FY2014 from GBP40 million to GBP47 million. Associated costs will increase from GBP6 million to GBP20 million as a result of aircraft grounding and additional restructuring costs. In FY2015, targeted benefits have been increased from GBP45 million to GBP71 million, with additional aircraft grounding costs of GBP27 million.
Flybe restructuring costs and benefits including additional immediate actions (GBP million)
Medium term goal: to be 'the best local airline in Europe'
In the medium term, once he has 'fixed' the UK operation, Mr Hammad hopes to grow the business in both the UK and mainland Europe. UK growth will consist of new routes at existing cities and new 'focus' cities at key points of connectivity.
Flybe expects to take advantage of anticipated further consolidation of the regional market. In mainland Europe, growth plans will focus both on what Mr Hammad calls 'white label' expansion based on the Finland JV contract flying model, and the development of branded operations.
Flybe's medium term goal is now to make Flybe "the best local airline in Europe". According to Mr Hammad, this is "ambitious, but achievable provided that we can transform our cost base and efficiency now."
Transformation of the cost base remains paramount
It is clear that Flybe must transform its cost base in order to survive, let alone to become "the best local airline in Europe" (whatever that means).
The permanent reduction of the FY2013 cost base by the new target of GBP71 million would still leave Flybe with a CASK in the region of GBP10 pence (based on FY2013 ASKs). This would represent a significant reduction from the reported FY2013 figure of around GBP11.60.
However, it does not represent a transformation of the cost base, particularly by comparison with benchmark LCC airlines. While it is true that many of Flybe's markets demand higher frequencies and smaller aircraft than the big LCCs could supply, this should not deter Flybe from seeking such a transformation. Indeed it will be vital to its future profitability.