Europe-South America route analysis. Only a few city pairs offer more than daily service

Despite strong historic and cultural ties, air service between much of Western Europe and South America remains spotty at best, with only 18 city pairs having more than 7 weekly flights. Seventeen more city pairs have a daily flight, and beyond that the seats and frequencies diminish - 24 out of the 69 nonstop links (35%) operate less than five times weekly.

At both ends of the routes, service originates or terminates at just a handful of airports, with Madrid overwhelmingly the European anchor. In South America, Brazil dominates, especially Sao Paulo. Of the 28 frequencies included in our parameters, 11 - roughly 40% - begin or end in Brazil.